نشریه مطالعات سیاسی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز 1392)

The world witnessed various developments in 20th century one of which was the Islamic Revolution of 1979 in Iran. This revolution not only captured the world academic and political practitioners'' attention but also created wonder in how and why it happened in a nation which was called «the Island of Stability» by then Carter the president of the United States just a few years prior to the occurrence of revolution. One of the reasons behind academic wonder was the inadequacy of existing revolutionary theories in explaining the exact grounds and causes of this revolution. Due to this shortcoming، researchers began to formulate theories capable of explaining the nature and the conditions led to this revolution. Their approach in the development of their theories was heavily oriented in favor of cultural parameters in explanation the nature and the grounds underlying this revolution. Hence، our effort in this paper is to employ and possibly formulate a cultural theory which best fit in its explanation of this revolution and further more to find out how cultural variables could verify the claim in some academic quarters that the Islamic Revolution of 1979 was in fact a culturally grounded Revolution.

The power and duty of executive branch in the constitution enacted after Islamic Revolution in 1979 is reflected by code 113. There has been conflicting interpretation of this code، some believe that the president according to this code is to oversee the true execution of constitution and others see it otherwise. Deconstruction method in Drida''s thought is close to text deconstruction and Drida is of the opinion that a unified meaning of a text is formed by its negation in another text. Hence، the main argument in this paper is that any interpretation of code 113 in the constitution must take into account the time exigency under which it was prepared only then we can have true interpretation and understanding of this code.

The main objective in this paper is to identify the factors which have caused researchers not to pay much attention to the role of religion in the relations among nations. It is argued in this paper that one of the main reasons for not considering the role of religion in the relations among nations is probably due to Predominance of quantitative method in social science which leaves out qualitative variables that are not rendering themselves to the exact numerical measurement. It is argued that the process of cultural reaction to modernity، globalization، development of democracy، localized conflict and sectarian wars all have had significant impact on the neglect of religion as important intervening concept in the relations among nations.

Sparking the Middle East and North African (MENA) uprisings from Tunisia impressed other Arab countries in the region from 2011ts socio-economic and political deprivations as the most effective cause of onward. Upheavals connote of disappointment and frustration from the existing socio-economic and political situations. In spite of various common causes for the Arab uprisings this paper intends to spotlights socio-economic and political deprivation as the most effective cause for the Arab uprising in general and Yemen in particular. Yemen، one of the MENA countries، has been witnessing sever socio-economic deprivation and Abdullah Saleh''s despotic and authoritative rule for three decades. Suppression and ignoring the basic request s of Yemenis people brought them frustration and disappointment of any reform and change and led them to revolt against Saleh''s regime. Thus، the main aim in this paper is to highlight the Yemen''s pubic protests based on the relative deprivation theory of Ted Robert Gurr which considers deprivation as the main cause of turmoil in its various forms.

The main aim of the present study is to signify and explain the opportunity-making factors and the limitations of globalization and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the south countries. So، the main question of this study is to evaluate the effect and the roles of opportunities and the challenges of globalization and the WTO on the development of the south countries. The probable answer to this question is that the globalization and WTO، on one hand، have acted as a catalyst for the development of the South Countries that are of stable economy، while، on the other hand، provided challenges for countries with an unstable economy. According to the findings of this study، globalization and the WTO have provided opportunities for the south countries and have also provided challenges for them. With regard to the rate of development and economic growth as well as potentials of the south countries these challenges and opportunities are differ. The WTO has had negative effect on the Gross National Product of most developing countries and has had also negative influence on African countries.

Security and its maintenance by various ways has been the most important goal of all political unites throughout history. Achieving this goal requires collective effort of international community. Nowadays achieving national security has assumed priority over public policies. In fact، national security is defined within and in term of international security structure. Hence، achieving its vital goals as important as nuclear program، states must proceed within the laws of International Atomic Energy Agency and the norms of international community. The failure of obtaining an international consensus on such major policy decision makings may eventually lead to national security threat against the states pursuing policies of international concern.

Iran joined the non-aligned movement in 1979. Iran became the president of this movement at the 16thconference held in Tehran in 2012. This research intends to investigate the effects of Iranian membership in this movement. Does this membership have helped Iran to alleviate its socio-economic problems? The assumption in this research is that there is a dialectic interaction between Iranian membership and non-aligned movement. It seems that due to the weakness of the members of non-aligned movement in their stands against western domination، Iran has now become the symbol of non-aligned movement in its effort to become an independent movement pursuing its member''s interest without being under the influence of non-aligned powers.

The attitudes of every state towards international community and different actors are constructed based on the national worldviews. Also، different worldviews will leave intensive influence on diplomatic approaches of countries through the construction of declarative and applicative policies. According to this kind of mutations، the attitudes and politics of states towards the international development are affected by some alterations. Thus، changing attitudes of China towards the international society since 1970''s، have faced the diplomatic behaviors of this country with the new characters traversing from rigid and revisionist diplomacy and searching for accommodation with normative and legal system of international community. Concerning this issue this paper is trying to explain the diplomatic whether China''s diplomatic attitude has changed over time or is the exact continuation of the past? It is argued in this paper that perspectival، epistemological and calculative shifts of China''s behavior are the epiphany of strategic transformation which has increasingly upheld the stature of China.